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"This volume presents a commentary on Aristotle's Metaphysics Book 12 by pseudo-Alexander in a new translation accompanied by explanatory notes, introduction and indexes. Fred D. Miller, Jr. argues that the author of the commentary is in fact not Alexander of Aphrodisias, Aristotle's distant successor in early 3rd century CE Athens and his leading defender and interpreter, but Michael of Ephesus from Constantinople as late as the 12th century CE. Robert Browning had earlier made the case that Michael was enlisted by Princess Anna Comnena in a project to restore and complete the ancient Greek commentaries on Aristotle, including those of Alexander; he did so by incorporating available ancient commentaries into commentaries of his own. Metaphysics Book 12 posits a god as the supreme cause of motion in the cosmic system Aristotle had elaborated elsewhere as having the Earth at the centre. The fixed stars are whirled around it on an outer sphere, the sun, moon and recognised planets on interior spheres, but with counteracting spheres to make the motions of each independent of the motions of others and of the fixed stars, thus yielding a total of 55 spheres. Motion is transmitted from a divine unmoved mover through divine moved movers which move the celestial spheres, and on to the perishable realms. Chapters 1 to 5 describe the principles and causes of the perishable substances nearer the centre of the universe, while Chapters 6 to 10 seek to prove the existence and attributes of the celestial substances beyond"--

Aristotle. Metaphysics -- Early works to 1800. --- Causaliteit. --- Metaphysica (Aristoteles). --- Métaphysique --- Ouvrages avant 1800 --- Aristote, --- Metaphysics --- Aristotle --- #GROL:SEMI-1-05'-04' Aris --- Metaphysics. --- Aristoteles. --- Métaphysique --- Early works to 1800 --- Aristotle. --- Aristote --- Ouvrages avant 1800. --- Cosmology --- Néoplatonisme --- Syrianus alexandrinus neoplatonicus

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Ethics, Modern --- Social contract --- History --- -Social contract --- -Social compact --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Political science --- Sociology --- Sovereignty --- Modern ethics --- -Gauthier, David P. --- -History --- Social compact --- Gauthier, David P. --- Ethics, Modern - 20th century. --- Social contract - History - 20th century.

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With the collapse of communist totalitarianism, the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union face political instability and an uncertain economic future. The people of the region are struggling to emulate the success of the West by moving toward Western-style democracy and markets. The essays in this volume address the liberal transition currently underway. Some of them explore the models offered by political theorists to guide the course of reforms. Some discuss obstacles to change posed by existing attitudes, institutions and cultural traditions. Some examine the nature of liberalism itself, and consider whether democratic politics and free-market economics can coexist without undermining one another. Some offer alternatives to specific Western institutions, arguing that in certain cases it would be unwise for the East to follow the West. Addressing the issues from a variety of perspectives, the contributors to this volume offer valuable insights into the nature of liberalism and the problems facing liberal reformers today.

Post-communism --- Postcommunisme --- Europe, Eastern --- Former Soviet republics --- Europe de l'Est --- Ex-URSS --- Economic policy --- Politique économique --- #SBIB:328H27 --- #SBIB:35H6020 --- AA / International- internationaal --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- 330.00 --- 330.52 --- 330.540 --- Instellingen en beleid: Midden- en Centraal Europa: algemeen --- Bestuur en beleid: nationale en regionale studies: Oost-Europa --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden. --- Liberaal systeem. Neo-liberalisme. Theorie van de onderhandeling. --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden. --- Politique économique --- Europe [Eastern ] --- 1989 --- -Former Soviet republics --- Europe, Eastern - Economic policy - 1989 --- -Europe [Eastern ] --- -Post-communism --- Economische en sociale theorieën: algemeenheden --- Liberaal systeem. Neo-liberalisme. Theorie van de onderhandeling --- Socialistische stelsels: algemeenheden --- Economic policy. --- Arts and Humanities --- History

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This collection of essays is dedicated to the memory of the late Harvard philosopher Robert Nozick, who died in 2002. The publication of Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia in 1974 revived serious interest in natural rights liberalism, which, beginning in the latter half of the eighteenth century, had been eclipsed by a succession of antithetical political theories including utilitarianism, progressivism, and various egalitarian and collectivist ideologies. Some of our contributors critique Nozick's political philosophy. Other contributors examine earlier figures in the liberal tradition, most notably John Locke, whose Second Treatise of Government, published in the late seventeenth century, profoundly influenced the American founders. The remaining authors analyze natural rights liberalism's central doctrines.

Droit naturel --- Law of nature --- Natural law --- Natural rights --- Nature [Law of ] --- Natuurrecht --- Recht [Natuur] --- Rights [Natural ] --- Human rights --- Liberalism --- Natural law. --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy --- Arts and Humanities --- Law of nature (Law) --- Nature, Law of (Law) --- Rights, Natural --- Law

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The essays in this volume address questions about responsibility that arise in moral philosophy and legal theory. Some analyse different theories of causality, asking which theory offers the best account of human agency and the most satisfactory resolution of troubling controversies about free will and determinism. Some essays look at responsibility in the legal realm, seeking to determine how the law should assign liability for negligence, or whether the courts should allow defendants to offer excuses for their wrongdoing or to claim some form of 'diminished responsibility'. Other essays explore libertarian views about political freedom and accountability, asking whether libertarian positions on consent, contract law, and responsibility are consistent, or whether restitution is superior to retribution or deterrence as a basis for a theory of corrective justice. Still others examine the notion of partial or divided responsibility, or the relationship between responsibility and the emotions.

Responsibility. --- Responsabilité --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Accountability --- Moral responsibility --- Obligation --- Ethics --- Supererogation